Research library
The evidence behind every tile, score, and recommendation in NEDOCS
119 peer-reviewed studies — from the original Weiss validation to 2026 machine-learning predictors of high-acuity LWBS — informed how this product looks, what it asks you to enter, and what it shows you in return. Every link is auditable in source control.
119
peer-reviewed studies
9
research themes
2003–2026
spanning the field
62
since 2022
Foundation & validation
How the seven-variable score earned its place — and how to read what it can’t say.
Development and Implementation of the Modified Pediatric Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale in Two Large Academic Pediatric Centers
Examines development and Implementation of the Modified Pediatric Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale in Two Large Academic Pediatric Centers.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Multidimensional resilience model for ED overcrowding
Decomposed crowding indices (NEDOCS, EDWIN, READI) into 'resistance' and 'recoverability' components — a single number can hide where the strain actually is.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Powers the four-axis resilience radar on the dashboard.
Beyond Annual Averages: Rethinking Metrics For Emergency Department Crowding And Capacity Planning
Examines beyond Annual Averages: Rethinking Metrics For Emergency Department Crowding And Capacity Planning.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Dysmenorrhea-Related Impact on Functioning Scale: Development and Measurement Properties for Cisgender Women and Transgender Men
Examines dysmenorrhea-Related Impact on Functioning Scale: Development and Measurement Properties for Cisgender Women and Transgender Men.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Effect of Routine Opt-Out HIV Screening on Emergency Department Operational Metrics: Results From the Pragmatic Randomized HIV TESTED Trial
Examines effect of Routine Opt-Out HIV Screening on Emergency Department Operational Metrics: Results From the Pragmatic Randomized HIV TESTED Trial.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Emergency department overcrowding and child physical abuse evaluations at a tertiary pediatric hospital
Examines emergency department overcrowding and child physical abuse evaluations at a tertiary pediatric hospital.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
IMPACT OF DYSMENORRHEA ON FUNCTIONING IN BRAZILI
Examines iMPACT OF DYSMENORRHEA ON FUNCTIONING IN BRAZILI.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
IMPACT OF THE SEVERITY OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA ON FUNC
Examines iMPACT OF THE SEVERITY OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA ON FUNC.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Is There an Association Between Emergency Department Overcrowding and Emergency Medical Services Redirection?
Examines is There an Association Between Emergency Department Overcrowding and Emergency Medical Services Redirection?.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Moderating and mediating effects of dysmenorrhea pain severity in the relationship between body mass index and body appreciation among adult women with primary dysmenorrhea
Examines moderating and mediating effects of dysmenorrhea pain severity in the relationship between body mass index and body appreciation among adult women with primary dysmenorrhea.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
PAIN DURING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE IN WOMEN WITH AND WIT
Examines pAIN DURING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE IN WOMEN WITH AND WIT.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND ADHERENCE OF WOMEN TO PELVIC
Examines qUALITY OF LIFE AND ADHERENCE OF WOMEN TO PELVIC.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
TRANSCUTANEOUS TIBIAL: PARASACRAL: AND MEDIAL PLANTAR NE
Examines tRANSCUTANEOUS TIBIAL: PARASACRAL: AND MEDIAL PLANTAR NE.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
ASSESSING FUNCTIONING BY WHODAS 12 IN WOMEN
Examines aSSESSING FUNCTIONING BY WHODAS 12 IN WOMEN.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
DO THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO ASSESS FIBROMYALGIA SYMPTOM
Examines dO THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO ASSESS FIBROMYALGIA SYMPTOM.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
EFFECTS OF NINTENDO WII: TRAINING AND ECCENTRIC EXERCIS
Examines eFFECTS OF NINTENDO WII: TRAINING AND ECCENTRIC EXERCIS.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Emergency department overcrowding and its associated factors at HARME medical emergency center in Eastern Ethiopia
Examines emergency department overcrowding and its associated factors at HARME medical emergency center in Eastern Ethiopia.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
HOW FIBROMYALGIA TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS ARE PERFORM
Examines hOW FIBROMYALGIA TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSIS ARE PERFORM.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
On-line strategy selection for reducing overcrowding in an Emergency Department
Examines on-line strategy selection for reducing overcrowding in an Emergency Department.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
TELEHEALTH CURRICULUM AT HEALTH CARE HIGHER EDUCA
Examines tELEHEALTH CURRICULUM AT HEALTH CARE HIGHER EDUCA.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
THE EFFECT OF ILIOPSOAS MYOFASCIAL RELEASE ON POS
Examines tHE EFFECT OF ILIOPSOAS MYOFASCIAL RELEASE ON POS.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the dysmenorrhea symptom interference (DSI) scale-Brazilian version
Examines translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and measurement properties of the dysmenorrhea symptom interference (DSI) scale-Brazilian version.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Use of cupping therapy in musculoskeletal disorders: A cross-sectional study on the profile, training, and practice of Brazilian physical therapists
Examines use of cupping therapy in musculoskeletal disorders: A cross-sectional study on the profile, training, and practice of Brazilian physical therapists.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Improving Safety and Quality With an Emergency Department Overcrowding Plan
Examines improving Safety and Quality With an Emergency Department Overcrowding Plan.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Development of a virtual educational booklet for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Examines self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Development of a virtual educational booklet for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Vital Sign Monitoring During Crowding in Emergency Department Triage Using a Non-invasive Wearable Biosensor
Examines vital Sign Monitoring During Crowding in Emergency Department Triage Using a Non-invasive Wearable Biosensor.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Statistical Significance Does Not Show Clinical Relevance: We Need to Go Beyond the P-value
Examines statistical Significance Does Not Show Clinical Relevance: We Need to Go Beyond the P-value.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Blood Culture Contamination: Still Hazy After All These Years
Examines blood Culture Contamination: Still Hazy After All These Years.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Does crowding influence emergency department treatment time and disposition?
Examines does crowding influence emergency department treatment time and disposition?.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Analgesia Use in Children with Acute Long Bone Fractures in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Examines analgesia Use in Children with Acute Long Bone Fractures in the Pediatric Emergency Department.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
La saturation de la structure des urgences et le rôle de l'organisation hospitalière : réflexions sur les causes et les solutions
Examines la saturation de la structure des urgences et le rôle de l'organisation hospitalière : réflexions sur les causes et les solutions.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in emergency departments: a systematic review
Examines interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in emergency departments: a systematic review.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Role of ED crowding relative to trauma quality care in a Level 1 Trauma Center
Examines role of ED crowding relative to trauma quality care in a Level 1 Trauma Center.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
A different crowd, a different crowding level? The predefined thresholds of crowding scales may not be optimal for all emergency departments
Examines a different crowd, a different crowding level? The predefined thresholds of crowding scales may not be optimal for all emergency departments.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
CONGESTIÓN EN EL SERVICIO DE URGENCIA: RESPUESTAS BASADAS EN EVIDENCIAS A PREGUNTAS FRECUENTES
Examines cONGESTIÓN EN EL SERVICIO DE URGENCIA: RESPUESTAS BASADAS EN EVIDENCIAS A PREGUNTAS FRECUENTES.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (ED) OVERCROWDING: EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWERS TO FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Examines eMERGENCY DEPARTMENT (ED) OVERCROWDING: EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWERS TO FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Mitigating overcrowding in emergency departments usin
Examines mitigating overcrowding in emergency departments usin.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Optimal Measurement Interval for Emergency Department Crowding Estimation Tools
Examines optimal Measurement Interval for Emergency Department Crowding Estimation Tools.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
A comprehensive review of emergency department simula
Examines a comprehensive review of emergency department simula.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
EMF Factors Influencing Emergency Department Service Times
Examines eMF Factors Influencing Emergency Department Service Times.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Impact of English Proficiency on Care Experiences in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Examines impact of English Proficiency on Care Experiences in a Pediatric Emergency Department.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
A New Model in Reducing Emergency Department Crowding: The Electronic Blockage System
Examines a New Model in Reducing Emergency Department Crowding: The Electronic Blockage System.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Evaluating community ED crowding: the Community ED Overcrowding Scale study
Examines evaluating community ED crowding: the Community ED Overcrowding Scale study.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
The inaccuracy of determining overcrowding status by using the National ED Overcrowding Study Tool
Examines the inaccuracy of determining overcrowding status by using the National ED Overcrowding Study Tool.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Characteristics Associated With Delays in Initial ECG a
Examines characteristics Associated With Delays in Initial ECG a.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
How Does Emergency Department Crowding, as Measured by National Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale, Affect Medical Student Test Score and Clerkship Evaluation?
Examines how Does Emergency Department Crowding, as Measured by National Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale, Affect Medical Student Test Score and Clerkship Evaluation?.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
An Association Between Occupancy Rates in the Emergen
Examines an Association Between Occupancy Rates in the Emergen.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Impacts of rapid flu clinic services at an emergenc
Examines impacts of rapid flu clinic services at an emergenc.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Risk factors and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia among adults visiting the ED
Examines risk factors and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia among adults visiting the ED.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
The impact of overcrowding on the bacterial contamination of blood cultures in the ED
Examines the impact of overcrowding on the bacterial contamination of blood cultures in the ED.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Systematic Review of Emergency Department Crowding: C
Examines systematic Review of Emergency Department Crowding: C.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
The Emergency Department Occupancy Rate: A Simple Meas
Examines the Emergency Department Occupancy Rate: A Simple Meas.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Relationship between the National ED Overcrowding Sca
Examines relationship between the National ED Overcrowding Sca.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Estimating the degree of emergency department overcrowding: The NEDOCS
Original 7-variable formula correlated with charge nurse perception of crowding across 5 academic EDs. Established the 0–200 scale and five surge bands still in use today.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Powers the headline score on every dashboard and every API call.
Different impact of the appropriateness of empirical antibiotics for bacteremia among younger adults and the elderly in the ED
Examines different impact of the appropriateness of empirical antibiotics for bacteremia among younger adults and the elderly in the ED.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs how NEDOCS and related crowding indices are validated, interpreted, and displayed.
Boarding & access block
Why the longest boarder drives nearly half the score during overload — and what reverses that.
Emergency department boarding and occupancy differ in their association with early in-hospital mortality: A multicenter cohort
Examines emergency department boarding and occupancy differ in their association with early in-hospital mortality: A multicenter cohort.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports boarding tiles, access-block decomposition, and inpatient-flow levers on the dashboard.
Impact of Transition Units on Emergency Department Crowding: A Before-and-After Study
Examines impact of Transition Units on Emergency Department Crowding: A Before-and-After Study.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports boarding tiles, access-block decomposition, and inpatient-flow levers on the dashboard.
Dual transition units (TUs) and ED crowding: before-after analysis
Opening dual transition units dropped median NEDOCS from 137 to 85.6 and time-in-overcapacity from 81.5% to 38.4%.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Bed huddle module + transfer board operationalize this lever.
Use of Hallway Beds, Radiology Studies, and Patients in Pain on Arrival to the Emergency Department Are Associated With Patient Experience
Examines use of Hallway Beds, Radiology Studies, and Patients in Pain on Arrival to the Emergency Department Are Associated With Patient Experience.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports boarding tiles, access-block decomposition, and inpatient-flow levers on the dashboard.
Counterfactual NEDOCS: quantifying the contribution of access block to ED crowding
Longest-boarding-patient time accounted for 48.8% of the NEDOCS contribution at high-NEDOCS hours. Proposed a 'counterfactual' NEDOCS the score would reach if access block were resolved.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Boarding tile + per-variable decomposition on the dashboard surface this directly.
Effect of access block on emergency department crowding calculated by NEDOCS score
Examines effect of access block on emergency department crowding calculated by NEDOCS score.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports boarding tiles, access-block decomposition, and inpatient-flow levers on the dashboard.
The impact of emergency department crowding and patient boarding on resident point‐of‐care ultrasound education
Examines the impact of emergency department crowding and patient boarding on resident point‐of‐care ultrasound education.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports boarding tiles, access-block decomposition, and inpatient-flow levers on the dashboard.
OP6 Overcrowding and Boarding Time: Emergency Department Performance and Impacting Factors
Examines oP6 Overcrowding and Boarding Time: Emergency Department Performance and Impacting Factors.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports boarding tiles, access-block decomposition, and inpatient-flow levers on the dashboard.
Duration of Immobilization on Backboards in Emergency
Examines duration of Immobilization on Backboards in Emergency.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports boarding tiles, access-block decomposition, and inpatient-flow levers on the dashboard.
Patients Prefer Boarding in Inpatient Hallways: Correla
Examines patients Prefer Boarding in Inpatient Hallways: Correla.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports boarding tiles, access-block decomposition, and inpatient-flow levers on the dashboard.
Throughput & discharge
Discharge timing, transfer routing, and the queueing math behind throughput.
Lean simulation of admission wait reduction
Reducing inpatient admission wait by 30% in simulation reduced ALOS by more than 30%.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites the transfer board's outgoing/incoming requests and the discharge tracker.
Effect of HIV Screening on Emergency Department Patient Throughput
Examines effect of HIV Screening on Emergency Department Patient Throughput.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
Improving emergency department flow by introducing four interventions simultaneously. A quality improvement project
Examines improving emergency department flow by introducing four interventions simultaneously. A quality improvement project.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
Queueing models for inpatient capacity and transfer relocation
Provided a math model for queueing networks with relocation — applicable to interhospital transfer overflow.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Theoretical backbone for the transfer board and forthcoming overflow modeling.
Comprehensive review and future research agenda on discrete-event simulation and agent-based simulation of emergency departments
Examines comprehensive review and future research agenda on discrete-event simulation and agent-based simulation of emergency departments.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
Modeling abandonment behavior among patients
Examines modeling abandonment behavior among patients.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
Multidisciplinary discharge rounding and ED boarding hours
Multidisciplinary rounding + discharge planning cut ED boarding hours by 50% and inpatient LOS by 0.83 days.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Discharge-by-noon tracker turns this into a daily lever you can measure.
Impact of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin implementation on emergency department length of stay, testing, admissions, and diagnoses
Examines impact of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin implementation on emergency department length of stay, testing, admissions, and diagnoses.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
Real-time resource allocation in the emergency department: A case study
Examines real-time resource allocation in the emergency department: A case study.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
Simulation of emergency department operations_ A comprehensive review of KPIs and operational improvements
Examines simulation of emergency department operations_ A comprehensive review of KPIs and operational improvements.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
GEDMod - Towards a generic toolkit for emergency department modeling
Examines gEDMod - Towards a generic toolkit for emergency department modeling.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
Significant changes in emergency department length of stay and case mix over eight years at a large Swedish University Hospital
Examines significant changes in emergency department length of stay and case mix over eight years at a large Swedish University Hospital.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs discharge timing, transfer routing, and throughput optimization features.
Prediction & ML
From the original regression to modern ML predictors of LWBS and high-acuity attrition.
Machine learning for high-acuity LWBS prediction
XGBoost and temporal fusion transformer models reached AUC 0.86 for predicting high-acuity LWBS — using the same NEDOCS inputs the app already collects.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites the ML.NET prediction tab and the planned LWBS forecast.
A Machine Learning Strategy to Predict the Number of High-Acuity Children Who Leave Without Being Seen From the Emergency Department
Examines a Machine Learning Strategy to Predict the Number of High-Acuity Children Who Leave Without Being Seen From the Emergency Department.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites forecasting, ML prediction tabs, and early-warning operational signals.
Creating a guide to identify patients who may leave without being seen: A machine learning approach
Examines creating a guide to identify patients who may leave without being seen: A machine learning approach.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites forecasting, ML prediction tabs, and early-warning operational signals.
Forecasting saturation in the Emergency Department: a compar
Examines forecasting saturation in the Emergency Department: a compar.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites forecasting, ML prediction tabs, and early-warning operational signals.
NEDOCS as the strongest single predictor of pediatric LWBS
NEDOCS explained 55.6% of variance in pediatric LWBS events — the single strongest operational predictor.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Foreshadows the LWBS-this-shift tile and the planned LWBS forecast in the prediction service.
Forecasting emergency department hourly occupancy using time series analysis
Examines forecasting emergency department hourly occupancy using time series analysis.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites forecasting, ML prediction tabs, and early-warning operational signals.
Two-step predictive model for early detection of emergency department patients with prolonged stay and its management implications
Examines two-step predictive model for early detection of emergency department patients with prolonged stay and its management implications.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites forecasting, ML prediction tabs, and early-warning operational signals.
Crowding is the Strongest Predictor of Left Without Being Seen Risk in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Examines crowding is the Strongest Predictor of Left Without Being Seen Risk in a Pediatric Emergency Department.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites forecasting, ML prediction tabs, and early-warning operational signals.
Periodicity of ED crowding metrics over 24 hours
Four-hour sampling intervals captured the operational signal in NEDOCS without loss; afternoon–evening peak is consistent.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Validates the existing 4-hour interval used by the ML model and the dashboard.
Provider perception vs. NEDOCS in extremely high-volume EDs
In extremely high-volume EDs, provider perception of crowding diverged from NEDOCS — the score should be paired with subjective signals, not replaced by them.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Drives the 1–5 feel-score tile on the dashboard.
Measuring and Forecasting Emergency Department Cro
Examines measuring and Forecasting Emergency Department Cro.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Underwrites forecasting, ML prediction tabs, and early-warning operational signals.
Workload & charge-nurse signal
Why a one-tap charge-nurse feel rating belongs next to every score.
Grounded-theory study of the ED charge nurse role
Identified five core tasks (information gathering, continuous triage, resource management, throughput management, care oversight) and named manual data entry as a continuous interruption.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Drives the choice to keep manual entry but radically simplify the form (sliders, toggles, one-tap feel score).
Quantifying emergency department nursing workload at the task level using NASA-TLX: An exploratory descriptive study
Examines quantifying emergency department nursing workload at the task level using NASA-TLX: An exploratory descriptive study.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Reinforces pairing objective crowding scores with charge-nurse workload and feel ratings.
The National Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale and Perceived Staff Workload: Evidence for Construct Validity in a Pediatric Setting
Examines the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale and Perceived Staff Workload: Evidence for Construct Validity in a Pediatric Setting.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Reinforces pairing objective crowding scores with charge-nurse workload and feel ratings.
Entropy as a quantification of ED workload
Subjective workload diverges from objective crowding indices; entropy of bed-state transitions captures the gap.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Reinforces the value of capturing a charge-nurse feel score alongside NEDOCS.
Entropy: A Conceptual Approach to Measuring Situation-level Workload Within Emergency Care and its Relationship to Emergency Department Crowding
Examines entropy: A Conceptual Approach to Measuring Situation-level Workload Within Emergency Care and its Relationship to Emergency Department Crowding.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Reinforces pairing objective crowding scores with charge-nurse workload and feel ratings.
Direct measures of crowding versus perception
Quantitative crowding indices systematically diverge from individual provider perception. Both signals are independently informative.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Justifies pairing the feel score with the operational score on every dashboard view.
Patient experience
How hallway placement and crowding bands shift likelihood-to-recommend.
The influence of emergency physician gender on patient experience surveys
Examines the influence of emergency physician gender on patient experience surveys.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Connects crowding bands and placement decisions to patient-experience outcomes.
Hallway-bed placement and patient experience at high NEDOCS
Hallway-bed placement at high NEDOCS bands reduces likelihood-to-recommend by 0.38 pt (95% CI −0.53 to −0.23).
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Powered the hallway-census tile and the patient-experience overlay on the dashboard.
Association Between Extreme Crowding and Wellness on Shift in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Examines association Between Extreme Crowding and Wellness on Shift in a Pediatric Emergency Department.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Connects crowding bands and placement decisions to patient-experience outcomes.
Pre-hospital & EMS
What the score means for ambulance offload and destination choice.
Generative AI-enhanced nomogram predicts left without being seen among ambulance-transported emergency department patients
Examines generative AI-enhanced nomogram predicts left without being seen among ambulance-transported emergency department patients.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Individual Survey Items in Emergency Department Patient Experience Surveys Have Limited Ability to Distinguish Unique Aspects of Care
Examines individual Survey Items in Emergency Department Patient Experience Surveys Have Limited Ability to Distinguish Unique Aspects of Care.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Predicting ambulance offload delay using a hybrid decision tree model
Examines predicting ambulance offload delay using a hybrid decision tree model.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Predicting Ambulance Patient Wait Times: A Multicenter Derivation and Validation Study
Examines predicting Ambulance Patient Wait Times: A Multicenter Derivation and Validation Study.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Impact of Blood Culture Contamination on Patients and Health Care Systems: A Review of QI Strategies Within the ED
Examines impact of Blood Culture Contamination on Patients and Health Care Systems: A Review of QI Strategies Within the ED.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Ambulance Diversion: Ethical Dilema and Necessary Evil
Examines ambulance Diversion: Ethical Dilema and Necessary Evil.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Use of the SONET Score to Evaluate Emergency Department Crowding: A Comparison to the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study Scoring Tool
Examines use of the SONET Score to Evaluate Emergency Department Crowding: A Comparison to the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study Scoring Tool.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Analysis of Ambulance Offload Delay at an Academic Level
Examines analysis of Ambulance Offload Delay at an Academic Level.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
NEDOCS predicts ambulance offload delay
Higher NEDOCS bands correlate with longer ambulance offload times (Group 1–2: 14 min vs Group 3–4: 25 min). Supports destination routing decisions.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. System roll-up + public read-only dashboard make this useable by EMS and sister facilities.
Can NEDOCS Score Be Used to Predict Ambulance
Examines can NEDOCS Score Be Used to Predict Ambulance.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Utilization of Emergency Department in Patients With Non-urgent Medical Problems: Patient Preference and Emergency Department Convenience
Examines utilization of Emergency Department in Patients With Non-urgent Medical Problems: Patient Preference and Emergency Department Convenience.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports EMS-facing views, ambulance offload tracking, and destination routing.
Tiered surge playbook
Evidence that a formal tiered overcrowding plan moves LWBS, LOS, and overcrowded hours.
An unsupervised machine learning approach for defining surge levels in emergency medical services
Examines an unsupervised machine learning approach for defining surge levels in emergency medical services.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs tiered surge plans, traffic-light status communication, and playbook triggers.
Predicting the Unpredictable: A Data-Driven Machine Learning Model for Emergency Department Waiting Room Surge Status
Examines predicting the Unpredictable: A Data-Driven Machine Learning Model for Emergency Department Waiting Room Surge Status.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs tiered surge plans, traffic-light status communication, and playbook triggers.
“The 4D Approach”-An Effective Strategy to Improve Emergency Department Boarding and Operational Outcomes
Examines “The 4D Approach”-An Effective Strategy to Improve Emergency Department Boarding and Operational Outcomes.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs tiered surge plans, traffic-light status communication, and playbook triggers.
Communicating Crowding Status: Developing and Validating a Traffic Light Framework for Surge Scores
Examines communicating Crowding Status: Developing and Validating a Traffic Light Framework for Surge Scores.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs tiered surge plans, traffic-light status communication, and playbook triggers.
Tiered ED overcrowding response plan: outcome study
A formal tiered surge plan cut LWBS 2.7%, LOS 14.5%, and daily overcrowding 33%.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Surge plan + per-band playbook engine implement the tiered structure.
Association between Covid-19 surge and emergency department patient flow and experience
Examines association between Covid-19 surge and emergency department patient flow and experience.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs tiered surge plans, traffic-light status communication, and playbook triggers.
No More ‘Code Black’: Intervention to Improve Inpatient Flow at a Large Public Hospital
Examines no More ‘Code Black’: Intervention to Improve Inpatient Flow at a Large Public Hospital.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs tiered surge plans, traffic-light status communication, and playbook triggers.
Condition Yellow: A Hospital-Wide Approach to ED Overcrowding
Examines condition Yellow: A Hospital-Wide Approach to ED Overcrowding.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Informs tiered surge plans, traffic-light status communication, and playbook triggers.
Capacity command center
Benchmarks from operating capacity command centers in the US.
How resilient is your emergency department to inflow surges? A novel multidimensional framework for resilience enhancement
Examines how resilient is your emergency department to inflow surges? A novel multidimensional framework for resilience enhancement.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports system roll-up, resilience radar, and capacity-command workflows.
Hospital capacity command centers: benchmarking survey
Survey of 25 active CCCs: top motivation = reducing ED boarding (24/25); top functions = bed management + interhospital transfers; 18/25 tracked positive ROI.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Bed huddle, transfer board, discharge tracker, and system roll-up build a low-friction CCC layer.
Planning and assessment approaches towards disaster resilient hospitals: A systematic literature review
Examines planning and assessment approaches towards disaster resilient hospitals: A systematic literature review.
Where this shows up in NEDOCS. Supports system roll-up, resilience radar, and capacity-command workflows.
See how this evidence becomes one shared dashboard
Play with the seven NEDOCS variables, the resilience radar, and the contextual modifiers in your browser — no login. When you're ready, drop your email and we'll set up your hospital.